Dec 28, 2012 read morphological basis of resistance to spotted bollworm, earias vittella fabricius in asiatic cotton, phytoparasitica on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Produced under project on funded by must to break the link for the pest between cotton and alternate host crops. Survival and development of spotted bollworm eariasvittella. Pdf life table of spotted bollworm, earias vittella on okra.
Seasonal pattern of infestation by spotted bollworm, earias insulana boisd. The pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella saunders, was described by w. Comparison of antibiosis of spotted bollworm, earias. Treatments were sprayed according to their label recommended dose with the help of knapsack hand sprayer early in the morning using hollow cone nozzle. Know the enemy to manage it better about helicoverpa helicoverpa often called heliothis is a serious pest of southern queensland crops, particularly grain legumes, summer grains and cotton. Subsequently, a hearnpv product, helicovir river bioscience, south africa, was registered for use against bollworm on citrus among other crops in south africa moore and kirkman, 2010. Drying and drooping of terminal shoots during preflowering stage. Some insects are very helpful in destroying injurious insects. Mar 11, 2012 spotted bollworms are major pests of cotton in india and ae found wherever cotton is grown. Ta number of spotted bollworm in the treated plots after treatment.
United states a bibliography of the agriculture pink bollworm. Field evaluation of different economic threshold levels for chemical control of pink bollworm pectinophora gossypiella, spotted bollworm earias vittella, e. It belongs to family cicadellidae and order homoptera. Pink bollworm was first intercepted in the united states at hearne, texas on september 10, 1917 by mr. Bulletin of entomological research, datasheet earias vittella spiny bollworm. Compress pdf, ppt, word, excel, jpeg, png and tiff online. American cotton bollworm highly polyphagous species attacking 183 host plants which include beans, maize, sorghum, tobacco, tomato, many legumes, some vegetables etc. Infestations in the united states first occurred in texas cotton in 1917. Pdf cotton spotted bollworm, earias insulana boisduval is one of the important insect pests of cotton that is spread in africa, southern europe, the. Estimation of economic thresholds of cotton spotted bollworm earias vitella fab and its scope in integrated pest control pragramme. Insects which produce honey, wax, lac, dyes and silk are commercially beneficial. Chemical control of spotted bollworm in cotton agropedia. Thanks to rigorous control and regulatory activities carried out by the u. The gardening channel with james prigioni recommended for you.
Ehtisham hussain bagf15e258 university college of agriculture, university of sargodha, sargodha in the name of allah, the most merciful and the most beneficent. The seasonal cycle is intimately tied to the cultivation of our cotton crop, because domestic cotton is the only host through most of the pink bollworm s range. Pink bollworm life cycle newsletter of the pink bollworm action committee a project of the cotton foundation. Cotton, gossypol, spotted bollworm, resistance, gamma irradiation. Pdf mating, oviposition and gamma sterilization of the. The data for relative water content was recorded twice, 7 days after irrigation well water condition and 30 days after irrigation water deficit condition.
Biological control of spiny bollworms spotted bollworm, earias vitella on glanded and glandless cotton and on diet containing gossypol. Spotted bollworm, earias vittella fab, is an agricultural cotton pest. Queensland the smart state understanding helicoverpa ecology and biology in southern queensland. Cotton bollworms are the most destructive group of insects found on cotton in all cotton growing areas of the world. Among the three, the spotted bollworm occurs early, when the plant is 1520 cm height and continues to feed on shoot. Entomology, university of agriculture, faisalabad, 38040, pakistan.
Cotton jassid cotton jassid is a major sucking insect pest of cotton with scientific name amrasca biguttula ishida. Pests not known to occur in the united states or of. Significantly higher yield kgha was produced by the early sown april genotypes followed by medium sowing may. Report of an international workshop on okra genetic. Flaring up and shedding of infested squares and young bolls. Forewing bright applegreen with paler longitudinal streaks, the anterior third of the wing pale applegreen often tinged with pink. Biological control of pink bollworm bollworm was the most common pest of cotton in lower egypt. The seasonal cycle is intimately tied to the cultivation of our cotton crop, because domestic cotton is the only host through most of the pink bollworms range. The time required from egg to egg varies because of temperature and other conditions but generally is about one month during the summer months.
Pdf lethal and sublethal effects of azadirachtin indica. Bollworm is the common term for a moth larva that attacks the fruiting bodies of certain crops, especially cotton. Egg female pink bollworm moths lay eggs singly or, more commonly, in small groups. In kansas cotton, infestations are sometimes observed, although damage has been limited even when high infestations have developed in corn and grain sorghum. The pink bollworm continues to seriously affect western cottongrowing regions that are critical for the export of fiber, and production of seed for the entire u. United states agriculture agricultural bt cotton january. Mating, oviposition and gamma sterilization of the spotted bollworm of cotton, earias insulana. Arctidae are not a major problem in bt cotton dhillon et al. The oviposition behaviour of spotted bollworm, earias vittella fab.
Jul 08, 2017 how to build a hinged hoophouse for a raised bed garden duration. Integrated pest management in ambrette abelmoschus moschatus medik. Peak level of spotted bollworm was observed during 1st and 2nd weeks afterward the spotted bollworm population was declined in a linear sequence from 3rd to 10th weeks. A window of opportunity the pink bollworm is a very destructive cotton insect pest. Preservation of bt technology is critical for cotton producers across the u. Gelechiidae and spotted bollworms, earias insulana boisd as well as earias vitella fab. The caterpillars of the pest not only bore the bolls but also attack the shoots, buds and flowers. Cotton bollworm pest complex alone is attacked by more than. Last instar leaves the bolls and pupates in silken cocoon either on plants on in soil or among the fallen leaves and rubbish material. When the end of the dry season comes, the rain cools the soil and pupae come out of diapause. Spotted, spiny bollworm central institute for cotton research.
While these larvae are mostly known for the damage they inflict on cotton bolls, a variety of plants are attacked by bollworms, including peas, alfalfa, beans, soybeans, flax, peanuts, and other commercial crops. United states agriculture agricultural bt cotton january 2001. Ten genotypes of asiatic cotton, gossypium arboreum, viz. Spotted bollworm in cotton present in many old world cotton growing areas. Gossypol and smoothness are genetically inherited and can be manipulated through crop improvement.
Forecasting of spotted bollworm earias vitella fab. Pdf on jan 1, 2009, hasan wajid and others published life table of spotted bollworm, earias vittella on okra. Pdf serious pest of cotton spotted bollworm navodita. While these larvae are mostly known for the damage they inflict on cotton bolls, a variety of plants are attacked by bollworms.
The use of related species in transferring disease and pest resistance genes to okra. There were substantial differences in the number of eggs laid on different genotypes. Morphological basis of resistance to spotted bollworm. Pdf effect of total gossypol concentration on spotted bollworm. Saunders in 1843 as depressaria gossypiella from specimens found to be damaging cotton in india. Seasonal pattern of infestation by spotted bollworm, earias. It causes lot of damage in the field and has developed resistance to several insecticides and is well known all over the world on many crops and may be called as a global pest. Noctuidae lepidoptera borer technology mission on cotton mini mission i 3. They belong to the order lepidoptera and family noctuidae. Both wings are whitish in colour, green coloured band present at each f. Effect of total gossypol concentration on spotted bollworm. The susceptibility of 23 cotton genotypes to spotted bollworm, earias vittella, was studied under natural infestation during 1977 and 1978 rainy season at delhi, india. C353, g 17, g 33, ac3545, ld 491, ld 575, b 11 a, sagbly red, sargosi and ld 694, were screened under epiphytotic conditions against spotted bollworm, earias vittella, at the cotton farm of the department of plant breeding and genetics, punjab agricultural university, ludhiana, india, and their morphological basis of resistance to.
Life cycle of pink bollworm life cycle of pink bollworm, includes four development. In contrast the spotted bollworm does not enter larval diapause within seed capsules and therefore has not become widespread bellows and fisher, 1999. Comparison of antibiosis of spotted bollworm, earias vittella fab. May 02, 2019 rajpal and joshi, damage due to the spotted bollworm earias vittella fabr. Major insect pests of cotton the main or major insect pests of cotton that cause economic loss to this crop are given below with their scientific names, order and family name. A number of studies have shown that bt cotton recorded less infestation of bollworms, particularly of helicoverpa armigera hub. The infested bolls open prematurely and produce poor lint resulting in lower market value jayaswal and sundaramurthy, 1992. Insect follows nolidae family, and lepidoptera order. Gooch as a part of michigan state university ipm program and. The pest feeds on alternative host plants like hibiscus, holyhock.
Spotted bollworm more than 1o % of attacked fruiting bodies american bollworm 10 % infested fruiting bodies or one egg or larva per plant pink bollworm more than 10 % attacked bolls or flowers 12. A new record of bacillus cereus on the spotted bollworm, earias vittella f. The per cent bollworm infestation in the bolls was calculated by following formula. How to build a hinged hoophouse for a raised bed garden duration. Enters into a summer diapause when irrigated crops are not present and the soil and air temperatures are high. The old world bollworm is a cosmopolitan pest of many. Bollworm damage to fruit was reduced by up to 84%, yield was increased by up to 99% and rejection for export was reduced by up to 96%. Bollworm article about bollworm by the free dictionary.
Biological control of spiny bollworms spotted bollworms, is a group of palearctic, ethiopian, asiatic and australasian pests that can cause extensive damage to cotton, gossypium hirsutum. Cotton belt because of increasing insecticide resistance and production costs. Pests and beneficials in australian cotton landscapes 1 foreword this guide takes us to a new era in that it introduces the role that native vegetation can play in integrated pest management ipm. Locule basis to work out the bollworm infestation on locule basis, the total number of open bolls of randomly selected 5 plants was counted. The pink bollworm pink bollworm, destructive larva of a moth, pectinophora gossypiella. Impact of environmental resistance factors on abundance of. Infestations in texas developed from mexican cotton seed taken to texas for oil extraction. To study the effect of natural enemy trichogramma chilonis. It is a chewing insect pest of cotton that causes great economic loss to cotton crops. Infested bolls open prematurely and the quality of lint spoiled due to rotting. Effect of total gossypol concentration on spotted bollworm earias spp. Bollworms pink and spotted infestation did not reach to the economic threshold level etl in any of the early, medium or late sown genotypes, however, the late sown genotypes showed the highest bollworms occurrence.
The only free online service to compress pdf, powerpoint, word, excel, jpeg, png and tiff files compress jpeg, png and tiff images reduce jpeg, png and tiff images by 5080% while maintaining resolution and transparency. These insect pests are usually suppressed by the application of broad spectrum pesticides that are continuously deteriorating. We conclude that transgenic bt cotton is more effective in seasonlong control of spotted and pink bollworm. At present, the pink bollworm has been recorded in nearly all cottongrowing countries of the.
Adults and larvae of seven spotted lady beetle primarily feed on aphis spp but also predate on various eggs and caterpillars of moths pest, like as american, pink and spotted bollworm knutson and ruberson, 2005. Head, thorax and legs pale applegreen, whitish beneath. Factors affecting genotypic susceptibility to spotted. Spotted bollworms are major pests of cotton in india and ae found wherever cotton is grown. Field evaluation of different insecticides against spotted bollworm. Survival and development of spotted bollworm eariasvittella fabricius on bt cotton hybrids of different events. Pink bollworm life cycle newsletter of the pink bollworm action committee a.
Our findings differed from the results of dhaka and pareek 2008. In india earias insulana is noticed in northern part of the country whereas e. Michigan state universitys invasive species factsheets. United states a bibliography of the agriculture pink. Probably of native american origin, it is a serious pest of cotton in the s united states, chiefly along the mexican border. Journal of indian society of cotton improvement, 3. Department of agriculture, agricultural research service, ars154. There were substantial differences in bollworm damage and larval population in different genotypes. Many factors appeared to influence the genotypie susceptibility to spotted bollworm, of which gossypol, tannins and ovipositional nonpreference due to smooth leaves were the major factors. Pdf field evaluation of the sex pheromone of cotton.
Nerkar discusses the possibility that resistance might be found in wild relatives abelmoschus spp. Effect of total gossypol concentration on spotted bollworm earias. Populations of bollworms spotted bollworm, pink bollworm and american bollworm as a percentage of infested bolls, squares and flowers were counted on a per plant basis. Morphological basis of resistance to spotted bollworm, earias. American cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera cotton bollworm helicoverpa gelotopoeon, helicoverpa punctigera pink bollworm pectinophora gossypiella pinkspotted bollworm pectinophora scutigera red bollworm diparopsis castanea. Presentations ppt, key, pdf logging in or signing up. Pdf seasonal pattern of infestation by spotted bollworm. During early vegetative stage, infested shoots wither, drop and show drying. Cottoninfo is a joint extension program by cotton industry bodies cotton australia, crdc and csd, bringing you the latest news, information, events and research, helping you to achieve.
Full grown larva attains a length of 15 mm and in brownish white in colour with a number brown and black spots all over the body hence, the name spotted bollworm is given to them. Until recently, scouting to detect infestations of pink spotted bollworms depended on boll sampling and dissection. Spotted and spiny bollworms thipkyachi, kateri bond ali earias vittella fab. Cb spotted bollworm population in the control plots before treatment. The data of pests and natural enemies were also recorded from control plot for comparison.
Oviposition behaviour of spotted bollworm, earias vittella. Resistance of pakistani field populations of spotted bollworm earias. In pakistan, earias vittella fab has developed resistance to various groups of insecticides. Among the bollworm complex, the pink bollworm pectinophora gossypiella saund. Spotted bollworms are small caterpillars of earias. Two species are generally considered in this genus. More eggs were deposited on the bolls compared to leaves and squares. The pest feeds on alternative host plants like hibiscus, holyhock, sunhemp, china rose, bhendi, pundi, abutilon indicum etc. Pink bollworm national invasive species information. The rosette flower density caused by pink bollworm infestation and number of pink bollworm larvae found in bolls of bt cotton were significantly lower than nonbt cotton plots. Know your cotton insect pest spotted and spiny bollworms.
Egg adult larva pupae egg hatches in one week grows in 1214 days 1821 days pupal period lays 200400 eggs on leaves in winter, the life cycle is greatly prolonged 7. Ca spotted bollworm population in the control plots after treatment. Biological parameters of pink bollworm pectinophora. The cotton ecosystem is endowed with rich fauna of natural enemies. Spiders not only a good predator of sucking pests but they also. Seasonal pattern of infestation by spotted bollworm. Bollworm cotton crop pests kstate department of entomology. Apis, the honeybees produce millions of tons of honey every year, it also gives bees. Hamed and nadeem, 2010, because of damage to flowers, squares and bolls gore et al. Department of agriculture usda, state departments of agriculture, the u. Existing tactics for achieving a high degree of suppression of established pink bollworm populations are well advanced and feasible on a fieldbyfield basis. Economic importance of cotton cotton is an important cash crop in more than 80 countries the major producers in the world are. Pakistan entomologist response of bt cotton genotypes to the. Dec 27, 2019 earias insulana pdf economic importance earias insulana is a major pest of cotton in the eastern mediterranean.
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